Gonna take a shot at both of these. I actually don’t own real monitors due to living an apartment complex and producing mostly at night… Typically produce/mix in cans and test in the car - not that anything I make is of profound quality. Honestly, idea generation on laptop speakers can be really productive imo, forces focus onto composition rather than slipping into mixing on accident. In general Im a proponent on producing with whatever you have.
How do I know I am listening to a bass music track? I think it’s a bit of a misnomer, but I don’t really have a better way to describe the family of genres that result from the merging of hip hop/ electronic music, and then the dominant factor of the track is some sort of sub frequency voice and its perceived overtones.
I would call this track (Listen to depression [free] by Dr. Derg on #SoundCloud
https://soundcloud.app.goo.gl/PShx) bass music, even though it features other “leads” including a vocal sample and some weird frequency shifted sound design, the focus (imo) is clearly the 808 sub.
Arrangement, on a macro and micro level, I think is a lot of A/B structure with heavy emphasis on call and response. Building and breaking down of energy from bar to bar, measure to measure, motif to motif. This isn’t unique of this family of genres, but a featuring factor I would say.
Mostly, as with any genre/ family of genres, I think it ultimately comes down to vibe, and the topic matter of the track, obvious or not.
Edit: But I think this should be inclusive, not exclusive.