Maths can’t do the phase comparator part, but it could act as the filter and VCO. (*)
A logical XOR gate can work as a phase comparator – and post 294 above shows how to patch an XOR gate with a Cold Mac
Even if your signals aren’t exactly square waves in exactly the 0V to +5V range, it may be “good enough” to act as a phase comparator.
As a proof of concept, I set up two square LFOs in Stages at different rates, patched them into Cold Mac as an XOR, patched the output through Maths channel 4 to slew it, and the channel 4 output into one of the two LFO inputs. With some tweaking of the slew times, the two LFOs synchronized (a bit imperfectly, but better than I expected).
…in fact I had accidentally patched the Cold Mac-as-XOR output into the Trig input of channel 4 without even noticing, and that worked.
…in fact I just bypassed Maths entirely and used the raw XOR output and that works too. It may be a little less stable about frequency changes though.
(*) (apparently I was wrong, Maths can be patched as an XOR gate using channels 1-3, while still leaving 4 available as a slew.)