Oh… his i2c addressed are probably different. You will need to copy the code from around line 65 from the working sketch and replace that in the neotrellis_monome_teensy_paletted sketch.
Adafruit_NeoTrellis trellis_array[NUM_ROWS / 4][NUM_COLS / 4] = {
{ Adafruit_NeoTrellis(0x32), Adafruit_NeoTrellis(0x30), Adafruit_NeoTrellis(0x2F), Adafruit_NeoTrellis(0x2E) }, // top row
{ Adafruit_NeoTrellis(0x33), Adafruit_NeoTrellis(0x31), Adafruit_NeoTrellis(0x3E), Adafruit_NeoTrellis(0x36) } // bottom row
};