I’ve found that colouring cables by function is tricky and doesn’t really help much in understanding a patch quickly. Additionally it means I need more cables as I need a diversity of lengths in each colour. I find the best way to understand a patch is to have just patched it, after which I know. If it’s dark, then a light is the best option (possibly angled LED strips mounted on the sides of the case facing the modules).
If there is a core set of patch cables needed I’ll sometimes bundle them in velcro straps (to get them out the way as much as anything else) which helps. Colour wise though, I just have a length colour scheme. Blue = 6", Green = 12", Yellow = 18", Red = 24", White = 36", Black = 48" (I don’t actually have any 48" cables but I planned the scheme). I have a comb style holder where I group them by colour ; multiple rows for ones I have many of, one row for ones I have few of, very long ones I put both ends in the slot.